Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
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This study analyzes the main aspects of the non-clinical profile of D-Camphor, a natural product widely used as a common remedy for several symptoms. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of this substance are analyzed, with regard to all the literature available, in order to assess a risk profile and better understand the positive and negative aspects connected with its use. The general conclusion is that the main risks of camphor as a medicinal product are mainly due to a somehow diffused attitude of considering it as “not a real medicine”, and to its consequent sometimes not sufficiently careful administration. @ JASEM Camphor is a natural product derived from the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora L.) trees through steam distillation and purification by sublimination; the trees used should be at least 50 years old. It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis Eng., and can also be obtained from the plant Lippia dulcis Trev., but this is not a major industrial source (Compadre et al., 1986). A major source of camphor in Asia is Ocimum kilimandscharicum Baker ex Gurke. Camphor can also be produced synthetically from vinyl chloride and cyclopentadiene, passing through the intermediate dehydronorbornyl chloride. The naturally occurring form is dextrorotatory and the synthetic form optically inactive (Budavari, 1989; Reynolds, 1989). Camphor has a counter-irritant, rubefacient and mild analgesic action, and is a major component of liniments for relief of fibrositis, neuralgia and similar conditions. It can be used as a mild expectorant; when ingested camphor has irritant and carminative properties. Camphorated-oil, a solution in oil given through intramuscular or subcutaneous way, can be used as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant, but this use is considered hazardous. When in combination with menthol and chenodeoxycholic acid it has been used to aid dispersal of bile duct stones, although this is no longer recommended (Reynolds, 1989). Aim of the present work is to provide an overview over pharmacological, pharmacokinetical and toxicological aspects of camphor, in order to assess its safety profile and evaluate the eventual level of risk connected with its use.
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Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly) - Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
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Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
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متن کاملBioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
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متن کاملBioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
1Senior Advisor for Reproductive Health Technology Introduction at Ipas, 300 Market Street, Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Tel: 919.967.7052; E-mail: [email protected] 2Coordinator for the Ipas Africa Alliance for Women's Reproductive Health and Rights, Nairobi, Kenya. Correspondence: Ms. Nina Frankel, Senior Advisor for Reproductive Health Technology Introduction at Ipas, 300 Market Stre...
متن کاملBioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
Little is known about the dynamics of fertility transition in South Africa, though recent studies have begun to shed light on demographic changes in the country. This study presents trends and patterns of fertility observed in a rural South African population. Various demographic and statistical techniques were used to examine fertility patterns in a population of 21,847 women in a rural KwaZul...
متن کاملBioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
1Reproductive Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand. 2Africa Centre for Population Studies and Reproductive Health. 3Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom. 4South African Medical Research Council. 5Women's Health Research Unit, University of Cape Town. 6Fogarty AITRP, Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, South Africa. Correspondence: ...
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تاریخ انتشار 2015